Question 19
The p-value for this odds ratio is 0.06. What is the correct interpretation of this p-value?
Answer
Given that the null hypothesis is not true, the chances of seeing these results, or more extreme results, is 6%
Given that the null hypothesis is true, there is a 6% chance that users of cell phones will develop brain cancer
Given that the null hypothesis is true, the chances of seeing these results, or more extreme results, is 6%
Given that the null hypothesis is not true, there is no association between cell phone use and brain cancer.
Question 20
Gender was considered a potential confounder and effect measure modifier in this study. The data were stratified into males and females in order to assess these issues.
Males
Females
Cases
Controls
Cases
Controls
Cellular Phone User
Yes
242
150
Yes
28
50
No
100
50
No
105
150
Stratum-specific OR = 0.8
Stratum-specific OR = 0.8
Choose the correct statement about gender as a confounder and/or effect modifier in this study. Answer
Gender is a confounder and effect modifier.
Gender is not a confounder but is an effect modifier
Gender is a confounder but not an effect modifier
Gender is neither a confounder nor an effect modifier
Question 21
The uses of epidemiology include:
Answer
Understanding how a risk factor is related to a health outcome
Developing etiologic hypotheses
Evaluation of health services
All of the above
Question 22
John Snow:
Answer
Was the father of modern biostatistics.
Established postulates for transmission of infectious disease.
Was an early epidemiologist who used natural experiments.
Argued that the environment was associated with diseases such as malaria.
